What is Database ?


Database is integrated collection of related information along with the details so that it is available to the severed user for the different application. 
A Database is usually controlled by a DBMS (Database Management System).

Properties of a Database :-

  • A database represents some perspective of the real world.
  • A database is a coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.
  • A database is designed, for a specific purpose.

What is DBMS ?

DBMS stand for Database management system is a collection of program that enables users to create and maintain a database. DBMS is a software system that represents the processes of defining, constructing, manipulating, and sharing databases between various users and applications.
  • Defining : - In defining, database  specifying the data types, structures and constraints of the data to be stored in the database.
  • Constructing : - In constructing, database is the process of storing the data on some storage medium that is controlled by the dbms.
  • Manipulating  : - In manipulating, database includes functions such as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database.
  • Sharing  : - A database allow multiple users and program to access the database simultaneously.
Advantage of DBMS  :-
  • Data Integrity
  • Data sharing
  • Security
  • Data Redundancy
  • Concurrency Control
  • Data Consistency
Disadvantage of DBMS :-
  • Expensive
  • Data Corruption

Type of DBMS

There are four type of database management system (DBMS).
  1. Hierarchical DBMS
  2. Network DBMS
  3. Relational DBMS
  4. Object Oriented DBMS

1. Hierarchical DBMS :-

Hierarchical Database structure was developed by IBM in the early 1960s.
In the hierarchical database management system (Hierarchical DBMS) model, data is stored in the form of a parent-child node.

Advantages :

  • We can rapidly access and update the hierarchical database.
  • In this database we store in the data tree form.
Disadvantages :
  • One parent per child.
  • Data Independence.

2. Network DBMS :-

Network database structure was invention by Charles Bachman.
It is database represent the network data model. Network database is similar to hierarchical database different with one key point that in network database one node can have a relationship with multiple entities.
Network Database management system (Network DBMS) create relation entities from the network structure.

Advantages :

  • Ease of data access.
  • Data Independence.
Disadvantages : 
  • System complexity
  • Maintenance 
3. Relational DBMS :-

Relational database is based on relational data model, uses a collection of 'Tables' to represent both data and relationships among those data.
The relational database is a collective set of several data sets. Which is represented by table, record and column.
In Relational Model, each table has multiple columns and each column has unique name.

Advantages :

  • Flexibility
  • Accuracy
  • Speed
Disadvantages :
  • Cost
  • Structured Limits

4. Object Oriented DBMS :- 

Object oriented database classified data in the form of objects and classes.
Object oriented follow OOPs concepts. and In object oriented concept, object is a real-world entity and a class is a collection of objects.

Advantages :
  • User-define types
  • Flexibility
  • Easy to maintain
Disadvantages :
  • More complex 
  • Not many programming language support  object databases.